Common headaches

Tension headaches

Tension headaches can be a bit less clear to diagnose. They develop slowly and are over both sides of the head. Many people describe a band behind the eyes and across the forehead but they can be at the side of the head or at the back of the head. Nausea is common but rarely vomiting. Tension headaches tend to last for days. Often the headache is present on waking and decreases a little with painkillers and rest. These respond best to lifestyle adjustment and simple pain killers, and are often triggered by emotional or physical stress.

Migraine

A classic migraine is a throbbing pain on one side of the head with severe nausea and vomiting. Visual changes which may be flickering lights, lines or partial loss of vision often occur before the headache. Some people will get numbness or weakness on one side of the body. Migraines usually last less than a day. They may occur during a period due to hormonal changes. Certain foods such as chocolate, cheese and red wine can trigger migraines. They tend to be inherited so often one parent also suffers migraines.

Treatment includes resting in a dark room and pain killers. Occasionally special migraine medication – called tryptans- may be useful. If your migraines are frequent your GP will need to discuss triggers and preventive strategies.

Cluster Headaches

Cluster headaches are a less common form of headache that have a particular pattern of pain around the eye. Your GP will recognize this pattern.

Less Common Headaches

Some other causes for headaches include neck problems, sinus problems, jaw or dental problems. It is best to discuss your particular type of headache with your GP and keep a diary and note what triggers the headaches. This can be very helpful to identify the type of headache.

Uncommon causes of headaches such as brain tumours can have unusual symptoms such as changes in speech or vision, weakness or numbness of arms or legs or balance problems. If any of these occur it is important to see your GP for further tests.

High blood pressure can be associated with a headache but in general does not cause a headache.

Treatment

Having the type of headache diagnosed by a GP is very important. Neurologists specialize in headaches and a GP may refer if the diagnosis is unclear or if your headaches are not improving with standard treatments. Once the uncommon causes are ruled out, management of the headaches will involve treatment of the pain with analgesia and rest. It is best to avoid strong analgesics on a regular basis as these can sometimes worsen headaches and can be addictive.

Treatment may also involve improving the underlying cause. This may involve stress management, lifestyle interventions or physical therapy.

Further Information

www.headacheaustralia.org.au/

www.headache.com.au/

www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/

Content updated November 26, 2009